A critical study of how planning weaknesses affect project success in Coursework

A critical study of how planning weaknesses affect project success in the UK public sector - Coursework Example process of planning comprise of the following steps: Identification of objectives and goals that need to be achieved, formulation of appropriate strategies which are meant to achieve these goals, creating or rather making arrangements for the means to achieve these goals and eventually implementation, directing and monitoring of the entire project’s steps in a proper sequence. However, in cases where there are weaknesses in the entire planning of a project, the project lacks the possibility of success. Thus, this paper is meant to critically asses the weaknesses that are present in planning of projects in UK and how they affect the success of these projects. Across the globe, there are a number of projects that range from business, construction, and energy mining among others, which need perfect planning for them to succeed. For instance, a construction industry is a sector which fully relies on project management for effectiveness in implementation. Thus, effectiveness of project management is a chief aspect when it comes to successful accomplishment of complex projects. Moreover, projects that involve construction often encounter uncertainty in UK due to the shortage in resources and the general nature of such projects (Simmie, 2012). Project planning is always influenced by the culture and policies of the organization (Inch, 2012). Hence, in circumstances where a company controls multiple projects in various geographical locations, different managers are involved but the head office is heavily relied on for support. This implies that the policies governing projects in that organization will apply alongside a designed plan. To obtain the evidence of how the weaknesses in project planning impact on the general success of a project, this study reviews a number of literatures whereby various authors have presented their take on the issue. These literatures cut across all the commercial industries, construction industries, service industries and manufacturing

The Effect of Television on Children Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Television on Children Essay It is clear that television plays a vital role to drive this world. It has good sides. It can be entertaining and educational, and open up a new world for the children, by giving them a chance to travel the globe, learn about cultures, religion, and gain many ideas they may never encounter in their own society. There is a big gap between kids who grow up with television and those who don’t grow up with television. However the reverse is can also true. Children are likely to learn things from television that parents don’t want to them to learn. Television can affect kids’ health, behavior and devalue their life. Children’s health is the first thing affected with television. As we realize, there are many food commercials on television recently. Children are ready to imitate and believe what they watch on a television with their immature mind. They should not think things from different perspectives. According to the American journal of clinical nutrition, boys are susceptible to food cues in commercials. Moreover, girls try to keep their body slim or stay sexy. They try to figure out how to stay thin and as a result they stop eating regularly. Consequently, when there bodies don’t get enough nutrients they easily exposed for opportunistic pathogens or any kind of disease. Imitating violence behavior is the other effect of television. Many young children who grow up with aggressive channels of television are trying to copy those characters what they watched on movies or and show. As I mentioned earlier, children’s mind is ready to copy everything like a copy machine. No doubt, they imitate whether good or bad characters they see on a television screen. In addition, television makes believe for kids. The people in the stories can make believe. All those are actors and the stories are not true but children are unable to realize the facts. Do not think further take an example yourself when you watch a movie how it switch your mind and you biased on one side. It is obvious to see many adults were overwhelming while they watch show or any kind of drama. So if it affects adults what do think about kids who have immature mind? Moreover, kids imitate some drugs use or alcohols while they see when some actors apply it on their movie. Reducing the value of life is the most important effect of television. Some children are addicted on Television more than six hours a day. What we predict from this? The answer is very clear for everybody. When kids give more time for television they forget to do their regular school assignments. It takes their study time and consequently they enforced to fail on exams. They may argue with their parents for their poor performance and finally they exposed for complicated life such as prostitute and other unnecessary duties like drugs trafficking etc. To wrap up, even though television has side effects on the general life of children, I don’t deny the excellent side of television which plays a key role to change their life too. So that, to solve those problems I mentioned in the above parents must play a vital role by selecting or set up necessary channels in terms of their child age.

Wireless Charging Of Mobile Phones

Wireless Charging Of Mobile Phones Abstract -With mobile phones becoming a basic part of life, the recharging of mobile phone batteries has always been a problem. The mobile phones vary in their talk time and battery standby according to their manufacturer and batteries. All these phones irrespective of their manufacturer and batteries have to be put to recharge after the battery has drained out. The main objective of their manufacturer and battery make. In this paper a new proposal has been made so as to make the recharging of the mobile phones is done automatically as you talk in your mobile phone! This is done by use of microwaves. The microwave signal is transmitted from the transmitter along with the message signal using special kind of antennas called slotted wave guide antenna at a frequency of 2.45GHz. There are minimal additions, which have to be made in the mobile handsets, which are the addition of a sensor, a rectenna and a filter. With the above setup, the need for separate chargers for mobile phones is e liminated and makes charging universal. Thus the more you talk, the more is your mobile phone charged! With this proposal the manufacturers would be able to remove the talk time and battery standby from their phone specifications! INTRODUCTION THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM To start with, to know what a spectrum is: when white light is shone through a prism it is separated out into all the colours of the rainbow; this is the visible spectrum. So white light is a mixture of all colours. Black is NOT a colour; it is what you get when all the light is taken away. Some physicists pretend that light consists of tiny particles which they call photons. They travel at the speed of light (what a surprise). The speed of light is about 300,000,000 meters per second. When they hit something they might bounce off, go right through or get absorbed. What happens depends a bit on how much energy they have. If they bounce off something and then go into your eye you will see the thing they have bounced off. Some things like glass and Perspex will let them go through; these materials are transparent. Black objects absorb the photons so you should not be able to see black things: you will have to think about this one. These poor old physicists get a little bit confused when they try to explain why some photons go through a leaf, some are reflected, and some are absorbed. They say that it is because they have different amounts of energy. Other physicists pretend that light is made of waves. These physicists measure the length of the waves and this helps them to explain what happens when light hits leaves. The light with the longest wavelength (red) is absorbed by the green stuff (chlorophyll) in the leaves. So is the light with the shortest wavelength (blue). In between these two colours there is green light, this is allowed to pass right through or is reflected. (Indigo and violet have shorter wavelengths than blue light.) Well it is easy to explain some of the properties of light by pretending that it is made of tiny particles called photons and it is easy to explain other properties of light by pretending that it is some kind of wave. The visible spectrum is just one small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. These electromagnetic waves are made up of two parts. The first part is an electric field. The second part is a magnetic field. So that is why they are called electromagnetic waves. The two fields are at right angles to each other. THE MICROWAVE REGION Microwave wavelengths range from approximately one millimeter (the thickness of a pencil lead) to thirty centimeter (about twelve inches). In a microwave oven, the radio waves generated are tuned to frequencies that can be absorbed by the food. The food absorbs the energy and gets warmer. The dish holding the food doesnt absorb a significant amount of energy and stays much cooler. Microwaves are emitted from the Earth, from objects such as cars and planes, and from another because microwave energy can penetrate haze, the atmosphere. These microwaves can be detected to give information, such as the temperature of the object that emitted the microwaves. Microwaves have wavelengths that can be measured in centimeter! The longer microwaves, those closer to a foot in length, are the waves which heat our food in a microwave oven. Microwaves are good for transmitting information from one place to light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke. Shorter microwaves are used in remote sensing. These mi crowaves are used for radar like the Doppler radar used in weather forecasts. Microwaves, used for radar, are just a few inches long. Because microwaves can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds and smoke, these waves are good for viewing the Earth from space Microwave waves are used in the communication industry and in the kitchen as a way to cook foods. Microwave radiation is still associated with energy levels that are usually considered harmless except for people with pace makers. Here we are going to use the S band of the Microwave Spectrum. Microwave frequency bands Designation Frequency range K Band 18 to 26 GHz Ka Band 26 to 40 GHz Q Band 30 to 50 GHz U Band 40 to 60 GHz V Band 46 to 56 GHz W Band 56 to 100 GHz L Band 1 to 2 GHz S Band 2 to 4 GHz C Band 4 to 8 GHz X Band 8 to 12 GHz Ku Band 12 to 18 GHz The frequency selection is another important aspect in transmission. Here we have selected the license free 2.45 GHz ISM band for our purpose. The Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio bands were originally reserved internationally for non-commercial use of RF electromagnetic fields for industrial, scientific and medical purposes. The ISM bands are defined by the ITU-T in S5.138 and S5.150 of the Radio Regulations. Individual countries use of the bands designated in these sections may differ due to variations in national radio regulations. In recent years they have also been used for license-free error-tolerant communications applications such as wireless LANs and Bluetooth: 900 MHz band (33.3 cm) ( also GSM communication in India )2.45 GHz band (12.2 cm) IEEE 802.11b wireless Ethernet also operates on the 2.45 GHz band. TRANSMITTER DESIGN The MAGNETRON (A), is a self-contained microwave oscillator that operates differently from the linear-beam tubes, such as the TWT and the klystron. View fig(1) is a simplified drawing of the magnetron. CROSSED-ELECTRON and MAGNETIC fields are used in the magnetron to produce the high-power output required in radar and communications equipment. The magnetron is classed as a diode because it has no grid. A magnetic field located in the space between the plate (anode) and the cathode serves as a grid. The plate of a magnetron does not have the same physical appearance as the plate of an ordinary electron tube. Since conventional inductive-capacitive (LC) networks become impractical at microwave frequencies, the plate is fabricated into a cylindrical copper block containing resonant cavities that serve as tuned circuits. The magnetron base differs considerably from the conventional tube base. The magnetron base is short in length and has large diameter leads that are carefully sealed into the tube and shielded. The cathode and filament are at the centre of the tube and are supported by the filament leads. The filament leads are large and rigid enough to keep the cathode and filament structure fixed in position. The output lead is usually a probe or loop extending into one of the tuned cavities and coupled into a waveguide or c oaxial line. The plate structure, shown in fig(1), is a solid block of copper. The cylindrical holes around its circumference are resonant cavities. A narrow slot runs from each cavity into the central portion of the tube dividing the inner structure into as many segments as there are cavities. Alternate segments are strapped together to put the cavities in parallel with regard to the output. The cavities control the output frequency. The straps are circular, metal bands that are placed across the top of the block at the entrance slots to the cavities. Since the cathode must operate at high power, it must be fairly large and must also be able to withstand high operating temperatures. It must also have good emission characteristics, particularly under return bombardment by the electrons. This is because most of the output power is provided by the large number of electrons that are emitted when high-velocity electrons return to strike the cathode. The cathode is indirectly heated and is constructed of a high-emission material. The open space between the plate and the cathode is called the INTERACTION SPACE. In this space the electric and magnetic fields interact to exert force upon the electrons. Fig (1) The magnetron structure RECEIVER DESIGN The basic addition to the mobile phone is going to be the rectenna. A rectenna is a rectifying antenna, a special type of antenna that is used to directly convert microwave energy into DC electricity. Its elements are usually arranged in a mesh pattern, giving it a distinct appearance from most antenna .A simple rectenna can be constructed from a schottky diode placed between antenna dipoles. The diode rectifies the current induced in the antenna by the microwaves. Rectennae are highly efficient at converting microwave energy to electricity. In laboratory environments, efficiencies above 90% have been observed with regularity. Some experimentation has been done with inverse rectennae, converting electricity into microwave energy, but efficiencies are much loweronly in the area of 1%. With the advent of nanotechnology and MEMS the size of these devices can be brought down to molecular level. It has been theorized that similar devices, scaled down to the proportions used in nanotechnology, could be used to convert light into electricity at much greater efficiencies than what is currently possible with solar cells. This type of device is called an optical rectenna. Theoretically, high efficiencies can be maintained as the device shrinks, but experiments funded by the United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory have so far only obtained roughly 1% efficiency while using infrared light. Another important part of our receiver circuitry is a simple sensor. This is simply used to identify when the mobile phone user is talking. As our main objective is to charge the mobile phone with the transmitted microwave after rectifying it by the rectenna, the sensor plays an important role. The whole setup looks something like this. THE PROCESS OF RECTIFICATION Studies on various microwave power rectifier configurations show that a bridge configuration is better than a single diode one. But the dimensions and the cost of that kind of solution do not meet our objective. This study consists in designing and simulating a single diode power rectifier in hybrid technology with improved sensitivity at low power levels. We achieved good matching between simulation results and measurements thanks to the optimisation of the packaging of the Schottky diode. Microwave energy transmitted from space to earth apparently has the potential to provide environmentally clean electric power on a very large scale. The key to improve transmission efficiency is the rectifying circuit. The aim of this study is to make a low cost power rectifier for low and high power levels at a frequency of 2.45 GHz with good efficiency of rectifying operation. The objective also is to increase the detection sensitivity at low levels of power. Different configurations can be used to convert the electromagnetic wave into DC signal, the study done in showed that the use of a bridge is better than a single diode, but the purpose of this study is to achieve a low cost microwave rectifier with single Schottky diode for low and high power levels that has a good performances. This study is divided on two kind of technologies the first is the hybrid technology and the second is the monolithic one. The goal of this investigation is the development of a hybrid microwave recti fier with single Schottky diode. The first study of this circuit is based on the optimization of the rectifier in order to have a good matching of the input impedance at the desired frequency 2.45GHz. Besides, the aim of the second study is the increasing of the detection sensitivity at low levels of power. SENSOR CIRCUITRY The sensor circuitry is a simple circuit, which detects if the mobile phone receives any message signal. This is required, as the phone has to be charged as long as the user is talking. Thus a simple F to V converter would serve our purpose. In India the operating frequency of the mobile phone operators is generally 900MHz or 1800MHz for the GSM system for mobile communication. Thus the usage of simple F to V converters would act as switches to trigger the rectenna circuit to on. A simple yet powerful F to V converter is LM2907. Using LM2907 would greatly serve our purpose. It acts as a switch for triggering the rectenna circuitry. The general block diagram for the LM2907 is given below. Thus on the reception of the signal the sensor circuitry directs the rectenna circuit to ON and the mobile phone begins to charge using the microwave power. CONCLUSION Thus this paper successfully demonstrates a novel method of using the power of the microwave to charge the mobile phones without the use of wired chargers. Thus this method provides great advantage to the mobile phone users to carry their phones anywhere even if the place is devoid of facilities for charging. A novel use of the rectenna and a sensor in a mobile phone could provide a new dimension in the revelation of mobile phone.

The Current Situation at AcuScan Essay -- Business Management Budget C

The Current Situation at AcuScan This memorandum reports on the current situation at AcuScan regarding the short-term budget crisis and development of the iScanner for use in the retail setting. It will summarize the situation, discussing key points in the decision-making process and recommending actions that can be taken to address the problems described. The underlying problem is we have failed to continuously improve market share through the development of new products. The overall 40% market share is declining. The company faces declining revenues because the price of the iScanner has dropped as it becomes a market commodity. AcuScan, despite making tremendous cost-cutting efforts (letting go 500 employees) is still in a short-term budget crisis. To recapture our pos... The Current Situation at AcuScan Essay -- Business Management Budget C The Current Situation at AcuScan This memorandum reports on the current situation at AcuScan regarding the short-term budget crisis and development of the iScanner for use in the retail setting. It will summarize the situation, discussing key points in the decision-making process and recommending actions that can be taken to address the problems described. The underlying problem is we have failed to continuously improve market share through the development of new products. The overall 40% market share is declining. The company faces declining revenues because the price of the iScanner has dropped as it becomes a market commodity. AcuScan, despite making tremendous cost-cutting efforts (letting go 500 employees) is still in a short-term budget crisis. To recapture our pos...

Cannery Row Essay

Cannery Row Cannery Row, is not just a novel written by John Steinbeck, but it is also a very good example of huge variety of different people and human beings that are presented in most of the societies. This story tells us how people are trying to be happy and take the best out of each situation they are in, even in bad situations. The author gives us the view on the Cannery Row from different prospectives like peepholes so we can better understand the whole idea of the novel.While looking from one peephole we can see that Mack and the boys are nice guys even if they steel things from other people. They are just enjoying their lives, they don’t have work because they don’t want, from one side it is very good because most people want to do what they want but not what they should. John Steinbeck is showing to us that if there is a desire people are able to do it. He shows us the Cannery Raw as a small kind of world with its own rules and values of each person living the ir.Mack and the boys are steeling not because they can not find any jobs, but because they just don’t want. They don’t like when anyone is controlling them, they want to be free and do what they like, enjoy their lives. I think that they are doing the right thing, because we are given our lives for enjoing them but not for spending them on the things that you don’t like. Of course it is not always this way but people must have an aim and go for it. We can see it in the novel, most of the

Comparing to the American Dream essays

Comparing to the American Dream essays William Byrd was born in Virginia in 1674. William Byrd received a quality education in England. He returned to Virginia after learning of his father's death. Byrd now had the responsibility of managing his inherited plantation. William Byrd character was constant. In The Secret Diary of William Byrd of Westover, he recorded the highlights of his day. He was an early bird. He wrote that he would wake up no later than seven I the morning. Another observation I read that he loved to eat the same things. For instance, he would eat milk for breakfast and boiled beef for dinner. Byrd would either read Greek or Hebrew. I also noticed that Byrd would pray at the end of each day. It would end just about like this every time, I had good health, good thoughts, and good humor, thanks be to God Almighty. Byrd enjoyed games and company. He always had company in his home. Several times he cousin visited, Mr. Mumford accompanied Byrd as they walked in the garden, shot bows and arrows and play billiard until dinner time. Byrds friends, Drury Stith, Colonel Hill, Mr. Anderson and Mr. Platt also were some of William Byrds guest on the plantation. William Byrd was a plantation owner with a vast amount of slaves. Some of his slaves were sick and some even died on his plantation. A lot of times, Byrd spent most of his time looking after his sick. Different slaves had different jobs to do. Some would unload supplies from Byrds sloop which was a boat, cook the food, clean the chambers, plant trees such as peach trees, put up curtains and fed the animals because he had cattle. Slaves endured cruelty from William Byrd. He whipped some of them and branded one of his slaves because he pretended to be sick when asked to unload his ship. William Byrd recorded some of his sexual transgressions, for instance the Colonel Carters wife daughter and Mrs. Russell, and his wife who would sometimes go to...