Mediocrity of Teacher Recruitment Essay - 4137 Words

Mediocrity of Teacher Recruitment Some teachers are better than others. This is a simple and, I hope, obvious fact. But the culture of American schools is not friendly to it. Particularly in our hiring of public school teachers, we tend to avoid notions of serious discernment, of picking the very best in our society to become our teachers, and we accept that the most talented of our young people will gravitate to other fields. Overcoming this acceptance of mediocrity in teacher recruitment and retention represents the greatest opportunity to bring a quantum improvement to our schools. To focus on the elite among new teaching recruits as a matter of method is, in fact, the radically democratic way to give our societys most valuable†¦show more content†¦The money in school budgets is the key to launching or limiting their careers. In a budget cutback, the probationary teachers are the ones whose ranks are trimmed, because they are generally not fully covered by unions, and are therefore easier to let go. So long as we do not screen new teachers based on excellence—not based on mere competence, not based on basic skill levels, but based on demonstration that each individual is better at teaching than most who try—we will never be able to create and reinforce the kind of elite professional culture among our teachers that they deserve, and, more importantly, that our students deserve. Consider the college student planning to become a teacher. And consider not just any student, but the kind of student we most want to be teaching our children—someone who is bright, warm, disciplined, and interested in the ideas of other people, someone curious about the world, and capable of doing difficult things well. At the age of 21 or so, he is finishing college, heading toward a degree in English, biology, history, or another subject. Most likely, he is not taking a degree in education (the students with the strongest academic backgrounds generally dont). In his senior year, he is probably working as a student-teacher for at least part of the year, going off in the mornings to a school where theShow MoreRelatedHow to Improve Education Sector in India2117 Words   |  9 Pagesand low-pressure jobs. Once a teacher told me in high school â€Å"Well, if you guys don’t study it is entirely your loss – I will get my salary at the end of the month anyway.† He could not put across the lack of incentive for being good at teaching any better. Thousands of terrible teachers all over India are wasting valuable time of young children every day all over India. Education for all Education for all It is high time to encourage a breed of superstar teachers. The internet has created thisRead MoreTraditional Instructional Methods Have Continued For Generations Essay3185 Words   |  13 Pagesleaves them as less engaged. Author of â€Å"How Teacher Education Matters† Linda Darling Hammond wrote about the positive effects training and development on teaching has on the teachers who under go them in contrast to those teachers who had a small amount or even no training. Furthermore, teaching training and development reforms that intensively wove expansive experimental training with assignments regarding how to learn and how to teach produces teachers that have a higher probability of remainingRead MoreProblems of Education in Nigeria and Prospect3739 Words   |  15 Pages(projectors, Computers, Laboratories and libraries), paucity of quality teachers and poor / polluted learning environment. In addition to these inadequacies, our school system is plagued with numerous social vices such as examination malpractices, cultism, hooliganism and corruption. For meaningful development to take place in the educational sector; the government need to re-address the issue of funding. Private educational in vestors, teachers! Parents/guidance and students/pupils need a reorientation towardsRead MoreCoffee Breaks and Power Naps Will Improve Student Performance3217 Words   |  13 PagesAcademy, as a premiere military institution in the Southeast Asia, bears the task of producing quality military officers and efficient leaders for the Philippine government. As such, the recruitment of cadets for the academy is no simple endeavour. Cadet applicants are screened and subjected to several recruitment requirements to determine their suitability for the academy. More often they are referred to as the â€Å"cream of the crop.† 2. Once accepted inside the academy, the cadets undergoRead MoreCoaching Salespeople Into Sales Champions110684 Words   |  443 Pageson the activities that desperately need my attention? Do these obstacles sound familiar? The fact is, regardless of experience, most leadership efforts are doomed from the start. Managers lose talented salespeople and maintain an atmosphere of mediocrity not because of a lack of effort but because they lack a coaching system they are comfortable with and can trust to leverage the talents of their salespeople in order to generate consistent, worthwhile results. ANNIHILATING THE ALBATROSS OF LEADERSHIPRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesat doing your core job tasks is a reflection of your level of task performance. If we think about the job of a factory worker, task performance could be measured by the number and quality of products produced in an hour. The task performance of a teacher would be the level of education that students obtain. The task performance of a consultant might be measured by the timeliness and quality of the presentations they offer to the client firm. All these types of performance relate to the core dutiesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory challenges understandings of the relationships 125 This writer goes on to suggest that most great advances are made by individuals and that trying to keep everybody happy results in conformity, in failure to build individuals. This leads to mediocrity. So, the anonymous author concludes, ‘Let’s treat people like people, but let’s not make a big production of it’ (p. 160). The case study presented below focuses on some of the advantages and disadvantages of the development of a feeling of ‘belonging’

Knowing Is Better Than Not Knowing - 1676 Words

Knowing is Better than Not Knowing Fyodor Dostoevsky’a novel â€Å"Notes from Underground† is known for being the first existentialist novel. A 40 year old man living in St. Petersburg, Russia known as the Underground Man works as a civil servant, but retired shortly after inheriting money from a distant relative. The Underground Man introduces himself by telling the reader, â€Å"I am a sick man. ... I am a spiteful man. I am an unattractive man† (1). He also says he could never be spiteful and how he could never have a character because he does not have a conscious. He also talks badly about idealists and goes on saying that Utopian ideas are reasoning with no sense of reality. The Utopians also say that human beings are under control by laws of nature, which reflects how they will act. Also the Underground Man thought the Crystal Palace was a bad idea because man may not be able to have free will anymore. The Utopians do not think humans need to make their own decisions, but do things if they want to. The Underground Man and Dostoyevsky explain why having a world of Utopia would be very easy and boring and someone would have a stop to it, even if it is good, because human being need their own desire, which leads to Dystopia. In the novel, the Underground Man and Fyodor Dostoyevsky make the reader understand how the Utopian society is not a good idea. These socialists believe that if everyone knew what was best for them, nothing bad would happen in the world. If people understoodShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Connected Knowing And A Student s Academic Performance946 Words   |  4 Pagesconnected knowing (CK), separate knowing (SK), and epistemological beliefs with student’s academic performance. These variables look at understanding how students acquire knowledge and their attitudes towards thinking and learning. As mentioned in the study done by Schommer-Aikins and Easter (2006) this study would provide future benefit to how students are being taught along with how to manage their time while studying. In addition, this study could result in students acquiring better study habitsRead MoreSelf Interest Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesisolated girl wanting to get rid of all the emotions surrounding her life, so knowing where her interest lies. Isolated from the others, where darkness and gloom can surround her whole body. Feelings of empathy showering over her, her face not giving any emotion except bluntness. Surrounding her in the background is a bright light, the opportunities that she wants to fulfill, having the hope that she deserves to have a better life. As we see the lights starts to fade away into this darkness, thatRead MoreHow A Network Is The Ways Of Knowing1296 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"In gaining knowledge, each area of knowledge uses a network of ways of knowing.† By looking at the arts and history, we can see that to gain knowledge is necessary to use a network of ways of knowing but depending on the area they are applied differently. The art has all of the ways of knowing present but depending on the situation some of them can be applied more than others. The same happens with history, the ways of knowing are all present but they are applied differently depending on the circumstanceRead MoreSt udy Habits Can Improve Your Grades Essay812 Words   |  4 Pageslearn comes naturally but for me not so much. Success in high school and college really depend on good study habits. Things like taking bad notes, not knowing how to study, not knowing when to study and not having a good place to study can really affect your grades. The first thing a person can do to improve their study habits is take better notes. When taking notes you do not have to write down every word the teacher says, if you do that you’re not going to know whats important and whatsRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Treated Disabled?979 Words   |  4 Pageswho have no family near them or lost their family before they got ill. Many of these people become severely depressed, sitting in the hospital knowing that they cannot get better and their family and friends can do nothing about it. Their mind will start to play tricks on them, they will not know what to do anymore, they will start to become crazy knowing that they cannot help him or herself. They will not be able to take care of him or herself, they will start to feel as if they are a burden onRead MoreBenefits of Raising a Bilingual Child Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesprivilege of knowing a second language, language of their parents and grandparents. By looking at studies of b ilingual children, research shows how important it is for a child to learn a second language. Raising a bilingual child is a benefit because it improves social skills, academic proficiency, introduces child to a different culture, and prepares for the future. First benefit is a better achievement in school and academically. Studies show that bilingual children have better reading andRead MoreWhy Is Knowledge Important Than Knowledge? Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesnetwork of ways of knowing.† Discuss this Statement with reference to two areas of knowledge. â€Å"I believe in intuition and inspiration. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Forknowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world, stimulating progress, giving birth to evolution. It is, strictly speaking, a real factor in scientific research.† - Albert Einstein The above lines were quoted by Albert Einstein which states the importance of ways of knowing in gaining knowledgeRead MoreBilingual Application For Bilingual Applicants953 Words   |  4 Pagesthat being bilingual has gain importance and is consider to be more of a necessity now. A brain that understands more than one language is more alert than one who knows just one language. Being bilingual has many benefits. A couple advantages of being bilingual would be greater job opportunities, comfortable traveling and higher test scores. Being bilingual opens the gates to better job opportunities. When filling out an application form for a job position, majority of the time there is a box thatRead MoreBilingual Vs. Bilingual Workforce901 Words   |  4 PagesA brain that understands more than one language is more alert than one who knows just one language. Being bilingual has many benefits. A couple advantages of being bilingual would be greater job opportunities, comfortable traveling and higher test scores. Being bilingual opens the gates to better job opportunities. When filling out an application form for a job position, majority of the time there is a box that has to be checked which asks if the applicant is bilingual and to list what languagesRead MoreFiguring Out The World Of Dyslexia922 Words   |  4 PagesDyslexia what comes to mind? Nothing? Knowing the basic concepts about dyslexia can help teacher get a better understanding to help students improve and excel in school. It helps the students with improving their comprehension skills and getting a better grasp on phonics skills. Lastly, it can improve preparations for test and or quizzes. The problems caused by dyslexia will be reviewed with the goal of better understanding the condition so that we can better help students who have dyslexia improve

In the Penal Colony Free Essays

Although Kafka’s story â€Å"In the Penal Colony† can be considered 3rd person omniscient, I believe the story was primary narrated through officer. I agree with Brittany’s interpretation that the traveler benefits from the narration of the officer, because I believe that the traveler symbolizes the reader while the officer plays a more active role as the narrator. The traveler like the reader is brought to a foreign place where the officer’s explain the intricacies of his beloved machine. We will write a custom essay sample on In the Penal Colony or any similar topic only for you Order Now The officer seems to be in control of everyone on the penal colony, while the traveler seems to be a passive bystander who did not try to stop the officer’s â€Å"unjustified† punishment. â€Å"The traveler now wanted to remain silent, but he felt the eyes of the condemned man on him; he seemed to be asking whether the traveler could approve the procedure that had just been described. † (Page 40) Even when the traveler believed that it was immoral to â€Å"judge† the condemned man without a fair trial, he believe it was wiser to not to interfere with the officer’s judgment. Nevertheless, he had to remind himself that this was a penal colony, that special disciplinary measures were necessary here, and that military procedures had to prevail throughout. † (Page 41) Therefore, I think the authoritative officer seems to be primary narrator. By presenting the narrative in this perspective, the reader like the traveler is able to emotionally and intellectually react to story; however, we can only be the passive bystander watching the inhumane acts unfold right before our eyes. Perhaps we are the traveler who just happens to be â€Å"invited† to penal colony. Perhaps we possess neither the courage nor the power to stop torture of the condemned man. More importantly, by representing the traveler as the reader, Kafka asks the reader several critical questions. Would we impose our judgment upon others, if we deem them immoral? Are we the passive bystander who would do nothing to stop torture? How can we â€Å"be just? † How to cite In the Penal Colony, Essay examples

Reaction Paper the Notebook Essay Example For Students

Reaction Paper: the Notebook Essay In the movie â€Å"The Notebook†, the meaning of unconditional love was emphasized through what happened in the characters’ experiences. It can be observed through the flashbacks that since the main characters were too young at the time they both met each other, they had the tendency to feel intense and aggressive towards their desire for companionship from their opposite sex which eventually lead to infatuation and affection. They have developed such intimate relationship bonded by love. Such love can be described as a common one. Although their love for each other has been established, it is still not as strong as it ought to be. For an individual like me who grew up in a conservative society, I find it somehow aggressive how they developed such feelings in a small span of time as expressed by showing their affection for each other publicly. The thing which they call â€Å"love† was then challenged when the parents of the girl argued and demanded that the guy her daughter loved was not the one suited for her. At this juncture, I can barely see how fragile the foundation of their love is. That with just a single misunderstanding, they tend to decide easily for a break-up, which is really so immature. It seemed so awkward how the girl decided to marry someone although she is aware how much she loved the other guy before. I felt pity for the guy with what happened. Forgetting someone is really difficult; because in forgetting you must remember what you need to forget, thus still remembering all the pain the woman brought him. After all the twists and turns of their love affair, at the end they still managed to come back in each other’s arms. It’s so unrealistic but then I admired how they ignored everything around them and instead, focus on their feelings for each other. The scene which caught my feelings the most is when it was revealed that the old man who was chatting daily with the lonely old woman was the husband who loved her unconditionally, who even made a way on how the woman would remember what she wrote in her diary (the notebook which the old man carries with him during his visits to his wife) and he remained on his wife’s side despite of the woman’s psychological condition up until their death. In a nutshell, I was touched with how someone wholeheartedly expressed love in the midst of all the consequences they have been through. Although it is way far from what we perceive as a platonic love, but it is still commendable. Such martyr love can be rarely seen in our society nowadays because some people tend to remember love as having something in return. And with that, we can summarize this with a quotation: â€Å"Love means to love which is unlovable, or it is no virtue at all; forgiving means to pardon that which is unforgivable, or it is no virtue at all; and to hope means hoping when things are hopeless, or it is no virtue at all†.

Analysis of the Green Mile Film Essay Example

Analysis of the Green Mile Film Paper In the film Green Mile, different sociological theories and concepts can be useful in considering how societies rule our behaviors in life within different cultural places and times. A theory developed by sociologist Emile Durkheim known as the functionalist perspective profoundly applies through out the film. Concepts that are also seen in the film includes: human agency, norms, folkways, mores, and master status with a few theories and concepts of deviance. Green Mile Green Mile is a movie adapted from a story about the lives of a few guards on duty in death row. The story leads up to the execution of a wrongly accused man that has a spiritual gift that permits him to perform extraordinary feats as he heals the wounded or sick. Paul is the main character in the story and his narrative leads the viewer through a narrative-a type of flash-back as he tells of his experience to his friend Elaine. Paul is in old age living at a retirement home many years after working as the head guard on Death Row at Cold Mountain Penitentiary in the State of Louisiana. Paul was a skeptical prison guard whose faith and sanity had deteriorated after many years of walking men down the Green Mile to their deaths by execution. They called it the Green Mile because the linoleum floor that led to the execution chair was green. Pauls life would forever be changed by one prisoner in the 1935 depression era. Paul and the other death row guards developed moral dilemmas with their profession as they discover one of their prisoners, convicted of brutally murdering two 9 year old sisters, has an extraordinary gift that, in words, is unexplainable. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Green Mile Film specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Green Mile Film specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Green Mile Film specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This gifted, but seemingly harmful man is John Coffey. As he enters the Green Mile the guards are complete taken by the paradox of his massive size and soft-spoken manor. He is a black man that is nearly eight feet tall with hands the size of a cast iron pan. Although, Johns size could indicate that he could kill just about anyone, his behavior contrasts his appearances. Paul begins to find it odd that John is accused of murder because of his purely naive personality and his horrifying fear of the dark. Paul and Brutus, a sympathetic guard, along with Percy (a conceded, immoral, and violent guard) as well as the warden, begin their journey of extraordinary experiences with John Coffey that involves an intelligent mouse and the healing of the sick and wounded. As another prisoner, William Wharton, known as Wild Bill, enters the green mile, disorderly effects begin to take place. John Coffey warns the guards that Wild Bill is a bad Man. Functionalism Order theorist Emile Durkheim is a sociologist who provided the functionalist perspective about society needing to be defined as stable, cohesion, consensus, cooperation, socialization, integration that creates functionalism. Human agency refers to the fact that individuals are actively shaping social life by adapting to, negotiating with, and changing, social structures. The functionalist perspective sees these as the key to any society with a high degree of consensus and cooperation. Furthermore, Durkheim states that equilibrium must be developed through integration and order; integration meaning that individuals should follow their societal norms and values while becoming a responsible member of the society. This is part of the consensus moral that Durkheim believes to be needed in order to achieve and sustain order. Order is the second part. The formation of functionalism involves norms, social roles, and cooperation. In other words, everyone should and must cooperate with the social roles and norms that are expected of them for unity in their own society. For those who do not cooperate with the societal norms, punishment, often in the form of incarceration, is often the fate of the offender, for example. Further, Durkheim believes that the problem lies within the individual rather than the society and, therefore, should be rehabilitated and reformed to comply. A functionalist perspective on deviance has three functions: first is to affirm cultural values and norms. The second is responding to those cultural values and moral boundaries and the third is responding to these values and boundaries are what bring people together. This is known as social solidarity. Moreover, Societies are held together by both consensus with values and coercion. The functionalist view is that the balance of harmony among the society is held up by societal institutions. For example, schools, church and family are seen as the most significant foundation for an adequately functional society. Green Mile and Functionalism Roles are the behavioral expectations for the people who occupy a particular social position. Paul, the other guards and the prisoners roles have behavioral expectations. For example, the guards must cooperate with their social roles and expectations of them for unity within the E block. Those who do not cooperate with this societal norm on the Green Mile are set as examples and are thus punished to provide the sense of right from wrong in sustaining the prison societal roles of its members. Percy begins yelling dead man walking as he brings the prisoner into the E Block. In Percys mind it is his role to be portrayed as a brutal guard. He emulates a violent man with arrogance and believes that he has to demonstrate his power over the prisoners and he says and does as he pleases with little regards to others. On many occasions through the film, Paul initiates Percys punishments in subtle ways with the other guards because Percy does not conform to their rules and standards of the Green Mile staff. For example, after seeing a mouse, the guards cleaned out the padded room to find it but did not succeed. Percy enters the commons area after they had returned everything back into the holding room. Percy spots the mouse and goes wild. All the guards tell him to knock himself out because, after all, he will never catch him. Percy clears the room out and did not find the mouse. The guards on the Green Mile are considered to be a primary group because throughout the film they are intimately involved in an informal fashion with each other face-to-face and have long lasting interactions; they seemed to have formed a bond that only they knew and understood amongst each other. They communicated with eye contact and body language throughout the film with an understanding known only by the other guards. Words were rarely spoken. Percy is excluded from this primary group because of his hateful and arrogant behavior which would put him in the secondary group as an existence among the other guards. He held no honor in the eyes of the rest. Green Mile and Values Values are the criteria that emerge for people to use in judging what is appropriate, correct, moral and important. The values amongst the guards on the Green Mile demonstrate that these criteria profoundly throughout the movie. For example, the guards practice the electrocution process for each man on death row before the execution takes place. In one scene they use one of the prisoners in the practice session and the prisoner makes a joke while in the electric chair and all the guards laugh except for Paul. Paul immediately pulls the values back into perspective and tells everyone to stop because an execution will take place tomorrow and he did not want anyone to remember that moment and make a mistake because the act of electrocuting offered no room for mistakes or laughter. This is a prime example of a culture and as a system of beliefs shared by group members that guides and constrains their conduct. Societal value consensus can be seen in both the beginning and ending of this film. In the beginning, the father of the two girls is on a man hunt with fellow neighbors. As the father hears John Coffeys screams, they all run at John and they father begins to beat him as he sees his dead daughters in John Coffeys arms. John is then spit on by the sheriff. There were no questions asked and the trial is short. This society just assumed that John had killed the girls. There was never a court scene to show innocent until proven guilty. In the end of the film when John Coffey is electrocuted he is still the accused even though Paul and the other guards know of his innocence, they are constrained to comply with the jurys guilty verdict and they hide their tears. This also demonstrates how cultures in different society groups form and become established. Furthermore, Master Status has an importance for social identity that overrides other statuses. John Coffeys master status as a black man in the film overrode the emotions in the small town society in which he was accused of being a rapist although in the end Paul discovers that John Coffey is innocent after holding his hand and foreseeing through John the dramatic events that lead to the girls deaths by another prisoner, Wild Bill. Labeling and Functionalist Perspective In a biased society, assigning deviant status to an individual dominates their identities and behaviors. Those being labeled seem powerless to change because they live the identity and behavior chosen by the labeler. This is a result of systematic bias and John Coffey is a prime example of being the labeled. He was labeled a negro by his attorney and in the southern culture of Louisiana in 1935, this was a doomed status. John Coffeys attorney compared John to a dog that bit his child face and this even further plays into the three societal reaction perspectives. Society labels the individual and individual begin to identify with the label. Lastly, the individual lives with the label and John was labeled without further ado. For Functionalists, the three functions of deviant behavior are that the individual confirms the moral boundaries. The second is this brings the group together and third is it reaffirms what is right and wrong. This is correlated well in a scene with the guards as they take John Coffey off the prison base to the warden house where John can use his gift and save the life of the wardens wife who is diagnosed with a cancerous brain tumor. The guards had a previous conversation and determined the moral boundaries in taking a prisoner on death row off the prison base. This brought the group closer together because they all shared in this deviant behavior and they realized that they could loose their jobs. They affirmed the right and wrongs of taking John to the wardens house. In the end John saved the wardens wife because of a deviant behavior. This, I feel, further defines the folkways and norms that are less important and, therefore, may not be well defined. Mores, however, involve morality and are considered important enough by society to merit severe punishment. If these guards had been caught with John Coffey by society they to would have been severely punished. But in this primary group society this was considered a moral decision that was justified. The guards continuously stated What happens on the Mile, stays on the Mile Reference Eitzer, D. Stanley, and Baca Zinn, Maxine. In Conflict and Order Understanding Society. Boston: Pearson Education. 1982.

5 puntos migración de cubanos a EE.UU., incluido asilo

5 puntos migracià ³n de cubanos a EE.UU., incluido asilo La polà ­tica migratoria de Estados Unidos hacia los cubanos es, en algunos aspectos, diferente a la que se aplica al resto de nacionalidades y es fruto de la situacià ³n histà ³rica de la Guerra Frà ­a. Se estima que aproximadamente dos millones de cubanos y cubano-americanos residen en Estados Unidos, siendo Florida el estado donde un mayor nà ºmero se concentra. En la actualidad cuando se habla de migracià ³n y cubanos es necesario tener en cuenta 5 puntos: fin de polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados, Ley Ajuste Cubano, peticià ³n de asilo en frontera, deportaciones y, finalmente, solicitud de visas no inmigrantes para cubanos que desean visitar temporalmente Estados Unidos.  ¿Quà © significa el fin de Pies secos, pies mojados? Por decisià ³n del anterior presidente de Estados Unidos Barack Obama se puso fin a la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados que durante aà ±os posibilità ³ a los cubanos emigrar ms fcilmente que otros extranjeros. Esta polà ­tica permità ­a quedarse en EE.UU. a los cubanos que tocaban suelo estadounidense y al aà ±o iniciar los trmites para obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente, mientras que, por otro lado, se regresaban a Cuba o se enviaban a un tercer paà ­s a aquellos cubanos interceptados en el mar cuando trataban de llegar a EE.UU. Al mismo tiempo que se cambià ³ esa polà ­tica se puso fin al programa CMPP para trabajadores de sanidad cubanos en programas de trabajo fuera de la Isla. Ley de Ajuste Cubano Por la Ley de Ajuste Cubano de 2 de noviembre de 1966,  las personas de esa nacionalidad ingresaron  legalmente en Estados Unidos pueden solicitar la tarjeta de residencia mediante un ajuste de estatus, si pueden demostrar una estancia continuada en el paà ­s de un aà ±o y un dà ­a. Para ingresar legalmente se necesita una visa de inmigrante o una de los muchos tipos de visa no inmigrante, es decir, un documento emitido por una embajada o por un consulado de los Estados Unidos. Cubanos y asilo en Estados Unidos Para solicitar asilo en los pasos migratorios de una de las fronteras terrestres, aeropuertos o puertos de los Estados Unidos se pide a los cubanos que cumplan los mismos requisitos que los candidatos de otros paà ­ses. Para el caso de la frontera terrestre que separa EE.UU. y Mà ©xico, desde el 16 de julio de 2019 aplica la obligacià ³n de pedir previamente asilo en al menos un paà ­s por el que se haya transitado antes de llegar a dicha frontera. Para admitirse la solicitud de asilo en el puesto migratorio terrestre de EE.UU. tendr que demostrarse que se ha cumplido con ese requisito y que las autoridades de dicho tercer paà ­s la ha denegado. Ademas, cabe destacar que el asilo solo se aprueba por una de las circunstancias previstas por la ley y el hecho de ser de un paà ­s que es una dictadura o tiene un rà ©gimen comunista no es razà ³n suficiente para que el asilo sea aprobado. Los requisitos que pide la ley es que el solicitante haya sido perseguido o tema ser perseguido si regresa a su paà ­s por una de las siguientes causas: nacionalidad, raza, religià ³n, opinià ³n polà ­tica o membresà ­a en un grupo determinado. En la actualidad, un nà ºmero rà ©cord de cubanos que solicitaron asilo en la frontera y que las autoridades estadounidenses consideran que no tienen un buen caso de asilo se encuentran detenidos en prisiones migratorias mientras esperan que se resuelva su caso, lo cual puede demorarse meses. Por otro lado, los cubanos que solicitan el asilo y se les concede un parole para que ingresen al paà ­s pueden seguir en libertad su caso de asilo mientras que, al mismo tiempo, deben solicitar ajuste cubano al aà ±o y dà ­a de ingresar al paà ­s con el parole y cancelar, asà ­, la peticià ³n de asilo. En los aà ±os fiscales 2015 a 2017 –los à ºltimos de los que hay datos publicados por el gobierno– los cubanos no estn entre las diez nacionalidades con mayor nà ºmero de casos de asilo aprobado, tanto en la modalidad afirmativa como en la defensiva. Por à ºltimo, no se debe confundir el asilo con la condicià ³n de refugiado, que es una situacià ³n similar pero distinta y que tiene como condicià ³n imprescindible que la solicitud se realice fuera de EE.UU. y de sus fronteras. El Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas es una de las instituciones que se ocupa de tramitar el papeleo de la condicià ³n de refugiado para cubanos. Cubanos y deportacià ³n Durante dà ©cadas, Estados Unidos no deportaba a los cubanos. La razà ³n principal era la negativa del gobierno castrista de admitir a los cubanos deportados. Sin embargo, actualmente La Habana est admitiendo en su territorio a sus nacionales deportados siempre y cuanto se cumplan ciertas reglas fijadas conjuntamente con Estados Unidos. A consecuencia de ello, en el à ºltimo aà ±o fiscal EE.UU. deportà ³ a 436 cubanos. Para evitar la deportacià ³n es altamente recomendable que todos los cubanos que cumplen con los requisitos soliciten la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n, lo cual imposibilita la deportacià ³n a Cuba. Visas no inmigrante para cubanos En la actualidad, los Estados Unidos no est emitiendo visas en Cuba a ciudadanos cubanos, quienes deben solicitarlas en una oficina consular estadounidense en un tercer paà ­s como, por ejemplo, Mà ©xico. Asimismo, en estos momentos y por decisià ³n del gobierno del presidente Donald Trump ya no se emiten a los ciudadanos cubanos visas no inmigrantes, como la de turista, estudiante o intercambio, con validez de cinco aà ±os. Ahora las visas son vlidas para un à ºnico viaje por un mximo de tres meses. Cubanos y migracià ³n EE.UU. No aplica: Pies secos, pies mojados, polà ­tica que permità ­a quedarse en EE.UU. a todos los cubanos que tocasen suelo estadounidense. Esta polà ­tica dejà ³ de aplicarse el 12 de enero de 2017.No aplica: visas especiales CMPP para personal sanitario cubano en misiones en el exterior. Se dejà ³ de aplicar en misma fecha que Pies secos, pies mojados.Sà ­ aplica: Ley de Ajuste Cubano, que permite a todos los cubanos que ingresan a EE.UU. legalmente solicitar la tarjeta de residencia permanente al aà ±o y un dà ­a de entrar al paà ­s. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Learning from failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Learning from failure - Essay Example This paper will therefore, discuss various perspectives associated with knowledge and innovation management. Knowledge management entails, capturing, disseminating, developing, sharing, and using of the organization knowledge. Managing knowledge in an organization is very critical in achieving the set goals and objectives. In addition, it improves the competitiveness of the business in the market. This plays a significant role in maintaining a constant flow of revenue. In addition, it motivates the employees to aim high, an aspect that is replicated in the overall performance of the business (Malhotra 2000). Innovation management is the practice of managing the processes involved in innovation. Most organizations anticipate the future based on the experiences. When the past is suspended, and the future is envisioned, it becomes easy to recognize the forces of growth and change (Pauleen 2007). A holistic view of the anticipated future experiences has a better impact on the innovation than placing emphasis on the past. It is crucial to develop a hypothesis for the future rather than predicting it. Breakthroughs rarely survive without a strong and working decision making model. This model should differ with the model used in incremental innovation. It has become increasingly clear that old models rarely work (Dess 2012). Technology dependent decision making systems have the weakness of failing to engage the vital stakeholders. Automation in decision making causes consensus to be hard to obtain. Therefore, a health decision making system seldom works without a champion who can engage teams and make decisions to enhance mutual progress. The products life cycle is drastically becoming smaller with time in comparison to the past. It is quite notable that in the technological devaluation of the products is moving at a high speed especially in the information technology industry. In a short span, a lot of changes are evident, and this

Critical analysis in the develpment of a project or programme plan Essay

Critical analysis in the develpment of a project or programme plan within a relevant area of community or youth work provision - Essay Example Hence, this project will certainly provide teenage population with an opportunity to freely discuss about sexual issues. The project has the scope to increase the knowledge of the participants about sexual health relationship and other topics of life skills (Banks, Butcher, Orton and Robertson, 2013; Hafford-Letchfield, 2009). Furthermore, the project also proposes to shed light on the significance of being aware about availing services pertaining to sexual health. The principal purpose is to target young people from the South Asian communities with complex and complicated needs presently (Hafford-Letchfield, Leonard, Begum and Chick, 2008). These complexities such as, stigma, religion, culture, appearance, behaviour and other factors, are acting as a hindrance in the acceptance of a relation. It is obvious that the project has the ability to meet the requirements of young people and not simply reflect upon the set standard of the society. A total of 15 participants will be targeted and the whole project will run for ten weeks. The program will run for two hours, each week, on specific days. Midlands community Training and employment Midlands Community Training and Employment is a charitable organization founded in the year 2008. The organisation specializes in providing community and personal development skills and means. The principal services of the organisation include skill development of the individuals, personality development, personal development, providing education facilities, confidence building classes, hosting seminars and workshops (Midlandscdc, 2013). The organization principally aims at empowering each and every individual with a particular skill set that might be beneficial and helpful for the individuals sustaining within the society. Hence, the organisation wants to ensure betterment of the society by enabling the individuals to enhance their basic skills. Furthermore, the organization also aims at bringing positive changes within the societ y for upgrading the standard of living of the individuals. The organization has entered into treaty with several other volunteer organizations so as to offer quality services to the target audiences. The intentions of the organisation are also reflected through their mission statement which states that â€Å"we want to make every individual a successful person† and â€Å"We are working in cooperation to bring change and development in our community† (Midlandscdc, 2013). The organisation mainly caters to the segments such as, poverty reduction, uplift education standards, offering assistance to deprived and isolated individuals of the society and health care and information sector. Training and development is another key area where the organization puts in strong efforts. In order to pursue their objectives, the organisation initiates and organizes several programs in a year and remains active in the field of Personal & Educational Development, Economic Development, Emp loyment, Health Care and Housing. SWOT Analysis On the basis of the secondary research carried out in the study, an excerpt of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the organization is presented below: - Strengths One of the key strengths of the

Density Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Density - Lab Report Example By means of displacement, the difference in the initial and final volumes of liquid used would be the volume displaced through the solid object plunged into the water, and, therefore, it serves as the volume of the material itself. At this stage, given the mass, it may be hypothesized that the mass of pennies divided by the volume displaced or occupied which causes rise in the water level within the graduated cylinder yields to the penny’s density. Methods and Materials Type of Metal Used: Early-1985 penny with an accepted density value of 7.18 g/ml. Initially, a 50-ml graduated cylinder was filled with 20.00 ml of water, and it was carefully recorded. The initial mass of cylinder and water (combined) was acquired using a top-loading balance and then recorded as initial reading for the cylinder-balance setup. Pennies were dropped by increments of two where the new volume was read and the new mass was measured using the same balancing equipment each time. This step was carried out repetitively to make a total of five data sets, which includes noting of final volumes along and masses (7th and 8th columns) through addition of previous differences with actual volumes and masses, correspondingly. There were ten pennies dropped all in all, and in order to obtain the experimental value of density for each set of pennies, the following equation was applied: Density, ? = [ Mass(2) - Mass(1) ] / [ Volume(2) - Volume(1) ] (in g/ml) Results Initial Volume of Water (ml): 20.0 ml_ Initial Mass of Cylinder + Water: 105.06 g_ density, g/ml % difference Rep A 5.03 29.94 Rep B 9.82 36.77 Rep C 10.06 40.11 Rep D 5.00 30.36 Rep E 9.98 39.00 Sample Calculations (using Reps A & B of the table): Actual Volume = 21.5 ml - 21.0 ml = 0.5 ml Actual Mass = 115.0 g - 110.09 g = 4.91 g Density = Actual Mass / Actual Volume = 4.91 g / 0.5 ml = 9.82 g/ml Final Volume = Actual V1 + Actual V2 = 1.0 ml + 0.5 ml = 1.5 ml Final Mass = Actual M1 + Actual M2 = 5.03 g + 4.91 g = 9.94 g Then us ing the given theoretical value = 7.18 g/ml and the formula % difference = | 9.82 - 7.18 | / 7.18 x 100% = 36.77% volume, ml mass, g 20 105.06 21 110.09 21.5 115 22 120.03 23 125.03 23.5 130.02 Based on the 3rd and 4th columns of the first table, beginning with a volume (water) of 20.0 ml and a mass (cylinder + water) of 105.06 g, the amounts (volume and mass) of each succeeding row are subtracted from the corresponding amounts of the preceding row to generate the 5th and 6th column outputs showing actual entries specific for every two-penny increment. Since these densities appear to be significantly different as compared to the literature value of 7.18 g/ml, the average density was estimated from the graph of mass vs. volume of pennies. Considering the best-fit line drawn (via MS Excel program) fairly between the plotted coordinates, the slope would be 7.186 g/ml according to the resulting equation m = 7.186v – 39.36, so that percent difference equals (7.186 - 7.18) / 7.18 x 100% or 0.0836%, which is appreciably lower than the % difference solved individually, as shown prior. Discussion / Conclusion Though the outcomes reflect inconsistent values of density on the basis of the actual volumes and actual masses which had been arrived at through the displacement method,

Postural Sway and Self-Motion Perception Theory

Postural Sway and Self-Motion Perception Theory Tharushi Kaluarachchi People are often faced with a sensation of motion when gazing at moving clouds or when a train on an adjacent track moves at a railway station (Dichgans Brandt, 1978). Multiple senses contribute to this common visual illusion of self-motion. Optic flow stimuli induces a conflict between visual input, signalling movement of the body and vestibular input from inertial motion cues (A1). Visual-vestibular interactions also play an important role in maintaining postural stability (A4). Thus it is proposed that there is a common underlying mechanism between postural sway during quiet-stance and vection (A5). Recent research has shown that quiet-stance postural sway can be used to predict subsequent vection strength (A5). While many different types of global optic flow can generate self-motion (A2), this relationship has only been demonstrated for radial flow (Apthorp, Nagle, Palmisano, 2014). Therefore, does quiet-stance postural sway predict differences between multiple vection types, or is it simply a global measure distinguishing vection from non-vection? Concepts The experience of vection describes compelling visual illusions of perceived self-motion that are induced by presenting large patterns of optic flow to physically stationary observers (Palmisano, Allison, Schira, Barry, 2015). Optic flow fields provide visual signals for effective navigation through the three-dimensional environment. It describes a pattern of visual motion on the retina used to rapidly estimate the direction of movement (Duffy Wurtz, 1993). This direction is dependent on the nature of this field, differing with radial, lamellar, rotary and spiral patterns of flow (Britten, 2008). A radial pattern refers to expanding and contracting optic flow (Apthorp et al., 2014). A lamellar pattern refers to optic flow with horizontally parallel flow (Stoffregen, 1985). A rotary pattern of optic flow describes a rotating pattern also parallel to the medial-lateral axis. A spiral pattern of optic flow combines radial and rotary patterns, with the rotary component superimposed in radially expanding flow (Nakamura, 2011). The postural system concerns the position and orientation of body segments to organise balance and movement (Massion, 1994). Postural sway refers to readjustments in posture which can occur with medial-lateral (ML), side-to-side, or anterior-posterior (AP), back-and-forth sway (Ruhe, Fejer, Walker, 2011). Quiet-stance postural sway refers to both eyes open and eyes closed postural sway while standing which occurs prior to the onset of vection (Apthorp et al., 2014). Assumptions A1 (vection). Self-motion perception is a multisensory experience induced by conflicts between optic flow stimuli indicating movement and vestibular input which detects no variation in body position or velocity (Lestienne, Soechting, Berthoz, 1977). A2 (optic flow). Radially expanding and contracting optic flow stimulates forwards and backwards linear vection, respectively (Apthorp et al., 2014). For lamellar optic flow, it generates an illusion of self-translation parallel to the direction of flow (Stoffregen, 1985). A rotary pattern induces roll vection parallel to the plane of the presented flow (Tanahashi, Ujike, Kozawa, Ukai, 2007). Spiral optic flow induces a combination of roll and linear vection (Nakamura, 2011). A3 (optic flow and vection). The magnitude of vection varies with the nature of the optic flow, depending on the area, velocity, depth and spatial frequency of the pattern (Palmisano, Apthorp, Seno, Stapley, 2014). In general, more compelling vection will be induced by optic flow displays that generate significant sensory conflict (Palmisano et al., 2015). A4 (vision and posture). Maintenance of upright posture also depends on visual-vestibular cues (Del Percio et al., 2007). The extent of reliance on visual input in particular, indicates variations in posture, with a greater dependence resulting in more postural readjustments (Apthorp et al., 2014). A5 (postural sway and vection). Quiet-stance postural sway and vection are underpinned by the same basic mechanisms. This supports the use of quiet-stance postural sway measures to predict subsequent vection strength. (Palmisano et al., 2014). A6 (postural sway and vection). During upright stance, ML sway involves the control of hip and trunk muscles, whereas AP sway is regulated by ankle muscles. As these are controlled separately by the postural control system, independent variations in ML and AP are predictive of sway differences between vection types (Tucker, Kavanagh, Morrison, Barrett, 2010). Hypotheses Considering that vection magnitude varies with vection type (A3), it is hypothesised that global differences in the magnitude of future vection will be predicted by changes in quiet-stance. In addition, it is proposed that vection magnitude will be stronger for individuals who rely more on their vision for postural stability. Using local differences in sway axes, it is proposed that changes in AP sway will predict radial flow as it stimulates forwards-and-backwards self-motion (A2). For lamellar flow, which induces self-translation and roll vection generated from rotary flow (A2), it is hypothesised that ML changes will be more predictive. In addition, the combination of roll and linear vection from spiral flow may be predicted by sway in both ML and AP axes. Operationalisation Vection magnitude can be operationalised through a subjective verbal vection rating. Subjects verbally rate the strength of their vection experience on a 100 point scale, with ‘0’ indicating no perceived self-motion and ‘100’ indicating complete self-motion (Apthorp et al., 2014). Though self-report measures can be susceptible to subject cognitions, subjective ratings of vection are reasonably reliably as vection is a subjective experience (Palmisano et al., 2015). The multisensory visual-vestibular interaction for posture can be operationalised through postural sway measures. Quiet-stance postural sway, has been shown to predict subsequent vection, which makes it a viable measure of vection (Palmisano et al., 2014). Postural sway can be operationalised through the changes to the location of the centre of foot pressure (CoP) in the AP and ML direction (Ruhe et al., 2011). Larger sway amplitudes are indicative of greater postural instability. Though CoP is an indirect sway measure as it measures motor system activity, it is a practical method of measuring postural sway in standing (Ruhe et al., 2011). References Apthorp, D., Nagle, F., Palmisano, S. (2014). Chaos in balance: non-linear measures of postural control predict individual variations in visual illusions of motion. PloS one, 9(12). Britten, K. H. (2008). Mechanisms of self-motion perception. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 31, 389-410. Del Percio, C., Brancucci, A., Bergami, F., Marzano, N., Fiore, A., Di Ciolo, E., . . . Eusebi, F. (2007). Cortical alpha rhythms are correlated with body sway during quiet open-eyes standing in athletes: a high-resolution EEG study. Neuroimage, 36(3), 822-829. Dichgans, J., Brandt, T. (1978). Visual-Vestibular Interaction: Effects on Self-Motion Perception and Postural Control. In R. Held, H. Leibowitz H.-L. Teuber (Eds.), Perception (Vol. 8, pp. 755-804): Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Duffy, C. J., Wurtz, R. H. (1993). An illusory transformation of optic flow fields. Vision Research, 33(11), 1481-1490. Lestienne, F., Soechting, J., Berthoz, A. (1977). Postural readjustments induced by linear motion of visual scenes. Exp Brain Res, 28(3-4), 363-384. Massion, J. (1994). Postural control system. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 4(6), 877-887. Nakamura, S. (2011). Effects of viewpoint jitters on roll vection. i-Perception, 2(4), 254-262. Palmisano, S., Allison, R., Schira, M., Barry, R. J. (2015). Future Challenges for Vection Research: Definitions, Functional Significance, Measures and Neural Bases. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. Palmisano, S., Apthorp, D., Seno, T., Stapley, P. (2014). Spontaneous postural sway predicts the strength of smooth vection. Exp Brain Res, 232(4), 1185-1191. Ruhe, A., Fejer, R., Walker, B. (2011). Center of pressure excursion as a measure of balance performance in patients with non-specific low back pain compared to healthy controls: a systematic review of the literature. European Spine Journal, 20(3), 358-368. Stoffregen, T. A. (1985). Flow Structure Versus Retinal Location in the Optical Control of Stance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11(5), 554-565. Tanahashi, S., Ujike, H., Kozawa, R., Ukai, K. (2007). Effects of visually simulated roll motion on vection and postural stabilization. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 4(1), 39-39. Tucker, M. G., Kavanagh, J. J., Morrison, S., Barrett, R. S. (2010). Differences in rapid initiation and termination of voluntary postural sway associated with ageing and falls-risk. J Mot Behav, 42(5), 277-287.

Muhammad Ali :: essays research papers

The name Muhammad Ali needs no introduction in the sports industry. This man is a living legend. Ali has accomplished my achievements during an era when African-Americas weren’t allowed any opportunities. The career of Cassius Clay began at the age of twelve. After his brand new bike had been stolen at the Louisville Home Show. He wanted to â€Å"whoop† the thieves so badly that he began to take boxing lessons. His first victory was a three round, three-minute split decision match. As he became more dedicated to boxing, Clay advanced to winning six Kentucky Golden Gloves Championships, two National Golden Glove tournaments and two National AAU titles. He won a gold medal at the 1960 Rome Olympics. The career highlight for Cassius Clay was being titled heavyweight champion after his defeating Sonny Liston. Ali contributes to variety of charities and services. â€Å" I am devoting much of his life today healing the human spirit. My chosen path for doing this is my religion. â€Å" quoted Muhammad. He is creating the Muhammad Ali center in his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky. The ultimate goal of the Muhammad Ali center is to inspire everyone everywhere to be the best they can be. It has been a dream of Ali to create a place to share, teach and inspire people to be their best and pursue their dreams. He also lends his name and presence to hunger and poverty relief and supporting education efforts of all kinds. In addition, he promotes adoption and encouraging people to love one another. Once such a turbulent man, Muhammad Ali now has a more peaceful and religious view of life. Religion has taught him that God wants us all to love each other and that love, not hate, is at the heart of God’s master plan. â€Å" When I was young, I was a professional boxer. But that’s not my â€Å"field† anymore. My most important job now is trying to teach people to treat each other with dignity and respect.

Common Elements of Eastern Religion Essay

Many religions of the world have eight elements in common. The elements are a belief system, community, central myths, ritual, ethics, characteristic emotional experiences, material expression, and sacredness. These elements help shape religions and the people who believe in them. In this paper I discuss how these elements are similar or how they differ in each of a few of indigenous religions. Unique in their own way there are numerous religious traditions, some of the religion traditions include: Buddhism – this is a means of existing based on the experience of Siddhartha Gautama, Christianity – earth’s largest belief, foundation of Jesus Christ teachings, Hinduism – collection of faiths, embedded in the religious thoughts of India. Islam – discovered by the Prophet Muhammad. These religious traditions along with numerous others vary from each other, but they serve the same purpose. A relationship with the divine is essential in all beliefs of religion without communication and connection with the divine, the challenges, tribulations and experiences encountered daily becomes difficult to handle because the testing of his or her faith and being disobedient to the word of God. The relationship as well as the fellowship with the divine helps him or her to walk in the light and to live in total honesty toward God as well as with each other, without the consistent relationship and fellowship it causes he or she to be out of character and have broken fellowship with the divine. Sacred time is the â€Å"time of eternity† (Molloy, 2010, p. 43). The schedule or activities that he or she encounters daily is determine by the effective use of the clock throughout our lives. Within the religious sector sacred time for numerous religions is valued in different ways. Sacred time allows the believer to come in contact with his or her thought of being set apart. Religion provides an individual the sense of purpose for living and security. The belief in a higher power provides comfort to a human. The knowledge of how we began tells us the reason why we are here and where we are going. This knowledge or awareness is often the driving force behind the  belief of one God, a supreme being, or some call it the sacred. Let us have a look at Christianity and its teachings, and how the Christians are organized. During this process one will see the relationship between Christianity and other religions. The origin of each of the tales in these special books is determined to have begun with a prophet who communicated directly with God. Some of the stories appear to have a mythical origin. For example, in the Bible, Jesus (May peace and blessings be upon him) is believed to have died and risen from the dead again. References Molloy, M.. (2010). Experiencing the world’s religions: Traditions, challenge, and change. Retrieved from Molloy, M., REL/133 website.

Explain what you believe is Orwells opinion of communism. essays

Explain what you believe is Orwells opinion of communism. essays The novel Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is a satire of the Russian revolution and is written as a fable. Orwell uses real characters and events of the revolution to base the story and its characters on. The novel portrays Orwells opinion of communism through the actions and events that take place on a farm and their consequences. He also illustrates how easily capitalism can fall apart. He shows that neither capitalism nor communism can ever work for everyone and some people will always suffer. Orwell illustrates how, because communism can never work, Stalin came to power. He shows that people will always be naturally greedy and take advantage of positions of power. Animal farm is written with symbols to represent to various groups and individuals who played a part in the Russian revolution. This makes it easy to understand for all ages, though is still sophisticated enough to keep all ages interested. The first chapters of Animal Farm are intended to show Orwells opinion on capitalism. It is hinted that Manor Farm was once very well run and all animals had been treated decently by Mr Jones. In recent years the farm has fallen upon harder times and many of the crops are failing. The first to suffer the consequences are the animals. This is a direct representation of the great depression of the 1930s. Orwell makes his feelings on the Czar, represented in the book by man, very clear through Old Majors speech; Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. He sets them to work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving and the rest he keeps for himself. In Animal Farm Jones has taken up quite heavy drinking and no longer seems to really care for the farm. This shows Orwel...

Free Essays on Methamphetimine

The United States is quickly being caught in the grip of a powerful and deadly new drug epidemic. The drug is methamphetimine, otherwise known as â€Å"meth†. Once called, â€Å"the poor man’s cocaine,† meth use has now spread beyond bikers, caucasians, and blue-collar workers to include minorities, white-collar workers and specifically women. The popularity is attributed to meth’s ease of manufacturing, inexpense and ferocious addiction. (Leone 29) Meth’s history can be traced back over one hundred years. Japanese pharmacologists first manufactured the drug in 1919 for medicinal purposes. The drug quickly spread west where it was readily available in Hawaii and the West coast of the United States. Meth use is now very concentrated on the West Coast where it ranks second to alcohol in usage in California. (Leone 29) The first uses of methamphetamine were medicinal and it was used to treat a variety of illnesses. By 1930 a drug derived from basic phenylethylamine was prescribed as an inhalant in order to treat asthma and rhinitis. In the 1930’s meth was prescribed as a treatment for depression and other diseases. Soldiers in World War II were given meth in order to increase their wakefulness and attention span. In the 1950’s 2 athletes, truck drivers, and housewives used meth tablets, known as â€Å"pep pills†. The euphoria that the drug created was quickly noticed and led to abuse. A report that claimed methamphetamine enhanced both intellectual performance and allowed long periods of wakefulness helped to contribute to its excessive use. Methamphetamine is a derivative of phenylethylamine. It begins as L-ephedrine and is reduced to methamphetamine using red phosporus and hydriodic acid. This method creates a lipid-based form and is pure, volatile, and can evaporate. It can be converted to a water-soluble form by adding hydrochloride salt. Alternatives to making meth can be to use ... Free Essays on Methamphetimine Free Essays on Methamphetimine The United States is quickly being caught in the grip of a powerful and deadly new drug epidemic. The drug is methamphetimine, otherwise known as â€Å"meth†. Once called, â€Å"the poor man’s cocaine,† meth use has now spread beyond bikers, caucasians, and blue-collar workers to include minorities, white-collar workers and specifically women. The popularity is attributed to meth’s ease of manufacturing, inexpense and ferocious addiction. (Leone 29) Meth’s history can be traced back over one hundred years. Japanese pharmacologists first manufactured the drug in 1919 for medicinal purposes. The drug quickly spread west where it was readily available in Hawaii and the West coast of the United States. Meth use is now very concentrated on the West Coast where it ranks second to alcohol in usage in California. (Leone 29) The first uses of methamphetamine were medicinal and it was used to treat a variety of illnesses. By 1930 a drug derived from basic phenylethylamine was prescribed as an inhalant in order to treat asthma and rhinitis. In the 1930’s meth was prescribed as a treatment for depression and other diseases. Soldiers in World War II were given meth in order to increase their wakefulness and attention span. In the 1950’s 2 athletes, truck drivers, and housewives used meth tablets, known as â€Å"pep pills†. The euphoria that the drug created was quickly noticed and led to abuse. A report that claimed methamphetamine enhanced both intellectual performance and allowed long periods of wakefulness helped to contribute to its excessive use. Methamphetamine is a derivative of phenylethylamine. It begins as L-ephedrine and is reduced to methamphetamine using red phosporus and hydriodic acid. This method creates a lipid-based form and is pure, volatile, and can evaporate. It can be converted to a water-soluble form by adding hydrochloride salt. Alternatives to making meth can be to use ...

Truancy in the Schools of the United Kingdom Essay

Truancy in the Schools of the United Kingdom - Essay Example The third chapter describes the various measures and strategies adopted by the Labour Government for combating truancy. In this regard, several initiatives taken by the authorities like penalizing parents of truants, establishment of truancy patrols, enhancing fines against parents and offering several incentives for attending school were described. The fourth chapter examines the results of such endeavours. Gradually, parents were convinced that attendance and higher levels of attainment were correlated (Education war on truancy, 2007) and this led to a decline in absenteeism. In this context, the decline of truancy in Cedar Mount High, Plant Hill Arts College and Manchester Academy were cited (The sad truth about truancy, 2007). Truancy has been described as the absence of students from school without a valid reason (Stoll. P, 1990). The duration of non - attendance varies from a single class to many weeks (Atkinson M, Halsey K, Wilkin A & Kinder K, 2000). Several reasons exist for such truant behaviour and bravado, depression, retention by the parents in order to supervise younger children at home, etc, are some of the usual reasons. Parentally approved absence from school p... P, 1990). The duration of non - attendance varies from a single class to many weeks (Atkinson M, Halsey K, Wilkin A & Kinder K, 2000). Several reasons exist for such truant behaviour and bravado, depression, retention by the parents in order to supervise younger children at home, etc, are some of the usual reasons. Parentally approved absence from school poses a major quandary and endures despite the instructions of the 1996 Education Act that such absence could be sanctioned only by the school authorities. Moreover, several of the some of the seemingly credible reasons given by parents to account for the absence of their children from school are dubious (OFSTED, 2001). It has been observed that forty thousand students abstain from school each day without proper authorization (Audit Commission, 1999). Since 1997, the Labour Government has been repeatedly emphasizing the importance of education, because the nations' future is largely dependent on the effectiveness of education.These initiatives have borne fruit and superlative results have been obtained by the schools in terms of student results and increased proficiency of the teaching staff (At a glance, n.d.). Investment on its own is incapable of ensuring an education of a high standard. The requirement is to combine reform with investment. Some of the reforms that have been implemented, in order to achieve this objective, are specialist schools, literacy and numeracy strategies, superior vocational education and the right to adult skills training (At a glance, n.d.). Despite these successes, the fact remains that quite some children have been deprived of a proper education due to the existence of incompetent schools.Although, inner city area

What policies, if any, should Europe implement to address Spains Essay

What policies, if any, should Europe implement to address Spains economic problems of declining prices and high unemployment - Essay Example ies include provision of financial assistance to Spain and its banks, substantial economic reforms, improve liquidity in the Euro zone banking system and initiate reforms on economic governance (Lee, 1). As a point of departure, the economic crisis in Spain going down to the rates of inflation and unemployment need immediate response to help the situation. The euro zone should release financial assistance from the it’s lending facility called the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) to Spain and its banks to rescue the nation’s financial base from further sliding prices. This facility provides loans in a direct manner to the euro zone governments (Patrick, Cohn-Bendit, and Griffiths, 38). The money is meant for recapitalization and purchase of government bonds primarily on the secondary markets. With the purchase of government bonds through the commercial banks of Spain, the situation is expected to slowly come to normal due to the ability of the government to pay for its spending, particularly the capital expenditure intended for national development. Equally, the European Union should seek that the Spanish government reaches and adheres to the set fiscal asceticism and structural reforms benchmarks. It is realizable that, the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the IMF help most of the euro zone nations to create and monitor implementation of sound reform programs. This process reassures a stable market for the euro zone goods and services and attracts rescue funds from the EFSF (Patrick, Cohn-Bendit, and Griffiths, 45). In addition, the reformed structures help in faster comeback from an economic downturn. For this case Spain stands a better chance of receiving these funds, because of its early adoption of the reforms assures a stable market free of volatility. The other rescue response involves the unprecedented steps intended to improve the liquidity status of the Euro zone banking structure. For instance from May 2010, the ECB

A critical study of how planning weaknesses affect project success in Coursework

A critical study of how planning weaknesses affect project success in the UK public sector - Coursework Example process of planning comprise of the following steps: Identification of objectives and goals that need to be achieved, formulation of appropriate strategies which are meant to achieve these goals, creating or rather making arrangements for the means to achieve these goals and eventually implementation, directing and monitoring of the entire project’s steps in a proper sequence. However, in cases where there are weaknesses in the entire planning of a project, the project lacks the possibility of success. Thus, this paper is meant to critically asses the weaknesses that are present in planning of projects in UK and how they affect the success of these projects. Across the globe, there are a number of projects that range from business, construction, and energy mining among others, which need perfect planning for them to succeed. For instance, a construction industry is a sector which fully relies on project management for effectiveness in implementation. Thus, effectiveness of project management is a chief aspect when it comes to successful accomplishment of complex projects. Moreover, projects that involve construction often encounter uncertainty in UK due to the shortage in resources and the general nature of such projects (Simmie, 2012). Project planning is always influenced by the culture and policies of the organization (Inch, 2012). Hence, in circumstances where a company controls multiple projects in various geographical locations, different managers are involved but the head office is heavily relied on for support. This implies that the policies governing projects in that organization will apply alongside a designed plan. To obtain the evidence of how the weaknesses in project planning impact on the general success of a project, this study reviews a number of literatures whereby various authors have presented their take on the issue. These literatures cut across all the commercial industries, construction industries, service industries and manufacturing

The Effect of Television on Children Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Television on Children Essay It is clear that television plays a vital role to drive this world. It has good sides. It can be entertaining and educational, and open up a new world for the children, by giving them a chance to travel the globe, learn about cultures, religion, and gain many ideas they may never encounter in their own society. There is a big gap between kids who grow up with television and those who don’t grow up with television. However the reverse is can also true. Children are likely to learn things from television that parents don’t want to them to learn. Television can affect kids’ health, behavior and devalue their life. Children’s health is the first thing affected with television. As we realize, there are many food commercials on television recently. Children are ready to imitate and believe what they watch on a television with their immature mind. They should not think things from different perspectives. According to the American journal of clinical nutrition, boys are susceptible to food cues in commercials. Moreover, girls try to keep their body slim or stay sexy. They try to figure out how to stay thin and as a result they stop eating regularly. Consequently, when there bodies don’t get enough nutrients they easily exposed for opportunistic pathogens or any kind of disease. Imitating violence behavior is the other effect of television. Many young children who grow up with aggressive channels of television are trying to copy those characters what they watched on movies or and show. As I mentioned earlier, children’s mind is ready to copy everything like a copy machine. No doubt, they imitate whether good or bad characters they see on a television screen. In addition, television makes believe for kids. The people in the stories can make believe. All those are actors and the stories are not true but children are unable to realize the facts. Do not think further take an example yourself when you watch a movie how it switch your mind and you biased on one side. It is obvious to see many adults were overwhelming while they watch show or any kind of drama. So if it affects adults what do think about kids who have immature mind? Moreover, kids imitate some drugs use or alcohols while they see when some actors apply it on their movie. Reducing the value of life is the most important effect of television. Some children are addicted on Television more than six hours a day. What we predict from this? The answer is very clear for everybody. When kids give more time for television they forget to do their regular school assignments. It takes their study time and consequently they enforced to fail on exams. They may argue with their parents for their poor performance and finally they exposed for complicated life such as prostitute and other unnecessary duties like drugs trafficking etc. To wrap up, even though television has side effects on the general life of children, I don’t deny the excellent side of television which plays a key role to change their life too. So that, to solve those problems I mentioned in the above parents must play a vital role by selecting or set up necessary channels in terms of their child age.

Wireless Charging Of Mobile Phones

Wireless Charging Of Mobile Phones Abstract -With mobile phones becoming a basic part of life, the recharging of mobile phone batteries has always been a problem. The mobile phones vary in their talk time and battery standby according to their manufacturer and batteries. All these phones irrespective of their manufacturer and batteries have to be put to recharge after the battery has drained out. The main objective of their manufacturer and battery make. In this paper a new proposal has been made so as to make the recharging of the mobile phones is done automatically as you talk in your mobile phone! This is done by use of microwaves. The microwave signal is transmitted from the transmitter along with the message signal using special kind of antennas called slotted wave guide antenna at a frequency of 2.45GHz. There are minimal additions, which have to be made in the mobile handsets, which are the addition of a sensor, a rectenna and a filter. With the above setup, the need for separate chargers for mobile phones is e liminated and makes charging universal. Thus the more you talk, the more is your mobile phone charged! With this proposal the manufacturers would be able to remove the talk time and battery standby from their phone specifications! INTRODUCTION THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM To start with, to know what a spectrum is: when white light is shone through a prism it is separated out into all the colours of the rainbow; this is the visible spectrum. So white light is a mixture of all colours. Black is NOT a colour; it is what you get when all the light is taken away. Some physicists pretend that light consists of tiny particles which they call photons. They travel at the speed of light (what a surprise). The speed of light is about 300,000,000 meters per second. When they hit something they might bounce off, go right through or get absorbed. What happens depends a bit on how much energy they have. If they bounce off something and then go into your eye you will see the thing they have bounced off. Some things like glass and Perspex will let them go through; these materials are transparent. Black objects absorb the photons so you should not be able to see black things: you will have to think about this one. These poor old physicists get a little bit confused when they try to explain why some photons go through a leaf, some are reflected, and some are absorbed. They say that it is because they have different amounts of energy. Other physicists pretend that light is made of waves. These physicists measure the length of the waves and this helps them to explain what happens when light hits leaves. The light with the longest wavelength (red) is absorbed by the green stuff (chlorophyll) in the leaves. So is the light with the shortest wavelength (blue). In between these two colours there is green light, this is allowed to pass right through or is reflected. (Indigo and violet have shorter wavelengths than blue light.) Well it is easy to explain some of the properties of light by pretending that it is made of tiny particles called photons and it is easy to explain other properties of light by pretending that it is some kind of wave. The visible spectrum is just one small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. These electromagnetic waves are made up of two parts. The first part is an electric field. The second part is a magnetic field. So that is why they are called electromagnetic waves. The two fields are at right angles to each other. THE MICROWAVE REGION Microwave wavelengths range from approximately one millimeter (the thickness of a pencil lead) to thirty centimeter (about twelve inches). In a microwave oven, the radio waves generated are tuned to frequencies that can be absorbed by the food. The food absorbs the energy and gets warmer. The dish holding the food doesnt absorb a significant amount of energy and stays much cooler. Microwaves are emitted from the Earth, from objects such as cars and planes, and from another because microwave energy can penetrate haze, the atmosphere. These microwaves can be detected to give information, such as the temperature of the object that emitted the microwaves. Microwaves have wavelengths that can be measured in centimeter! The longer microwaves, those closer to a foot in length, are the waves which heat our food in a microwave oven. Microwaves are good for transmitting information from one place to light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke. Shorter microwaves are used in remote sensing. These mi crowaves are used for radar like the Doppler radar used in weather forecasts. Microwaves, used for radar, are just a few inches long. Because microwaves can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds and smoke, these waves are good for viewing the Earth from space Microwave waves are used in the communication industry and in the kitchen as a way to cook foods. Microwave radiation is still associated with energy levels that are usually considered harmless except for people with pace makers. Here we are going to use the S band of the Microwave Spectrum. Microwave frequency bands Designation Frequency range K Band 18 to 26 GHz Ka Band 26 to 40 GHz Q Band 30 to 50 GHz U Band 40 to 60 GHz V Band 46 to 56 GHz W Band 56 to 100 GHz L Band 1 to 2 GHz S Band 2 to 4 GHz C Band 4 to 8 GHz X Band 8 to 12 GHz Ku Band 12 to 18 GHz The frequency selection is another important aspect in transmission. Here we have selected the license free 2.45 GHz ISM band for our purpose. The Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio bands were originally reserved internationally for non-commercial use of RF electromagnetic fields for industrial, scientific and medical purposes. The ISM bands are defined by the ITU-T in S5.138 and S5.150 of the Radio Regulations. Individual countries use of the bands designated in these sections may differ due to variations in national radio regulations. In recent years they have also been used for license-free error-tolerant communications applications such as wireless LANs and Bluetooth: 900 MHz band (33.3 cm) ( also GSM communication in India )2.45 GHz band (12.2 cm) IEEE 802.11b wireless Ethernet also operates on the 2.45 GHz band. TRANSMITTER DESIGN The MAGNETRON (A), is a self-contained microwave oscillator that operates differently from the linear-beam tubes, such as the TWT and the klystron. View fig(1) is a simplified drawing of the magnetron. CROSSED-ELECTRON and MAGNETIC fields are used in the magnetron to produce the high-power output required in radar and communications equipment. The magnetron is classed as a diode because it has no grid. A magnetic field located in the space between the plate (anode) and the cathode serves as a grid. The plate of a magnetron does not have the same physical appearance as the plate of an ordinary electron tube. Since conventional inductive-capacitive (LC) networks become impractical at microwave frequencies, the plate is fabricated into a cylindrical copper block containing resonant cavities that serve as tuned circuits. The magnetron base differs considerably from the conventional tube base. The magnetron base is short in length and has large diameter leads that are carefully sealed into the tube and shielded. The cathode and filament are at the centre of the tube and are supported by the filament leads. The filament leads are large and rigid enough to keep the cathode and filament structure fixed in position. The output lead is usually a probe or loop extending into one of the tuned cavities and coupled into a waveguide or c oaxial line. The plate structure, shown in fig(1), is a solid block of copper. The cylindrical holes around its circumference are resonant cavities. A narrow slot runs from each cavity into the central portion of the tube dividing the inner structure into as many segments as there are cavities. Alternate segments are strapped together to put the cavities in parallel with regard to the output. The cavities control the output frequency. The straps are circular, metal bands that are placed across the top of the block at the entrance slots to the cavities. Since the cathode must operate at high power, it must be fairly large and must also be able to withstand high operating temperatures. It must also have good emission characteristics, particularly under return bombardment by the electrons. This is because most of the output power is provided by the large number of electrons that are emitted when high-velocity electrons return to strike the cathode. The cathode is indirectly heated and is constructed of a high-emission material. The open space between the plate and the cathode is called the INTERACTION SPACE. In this space the electric and magnetic fields interact to exert force upon the electrons. Fig (1) The magnetron structure RECEIVER DESIGN The basic addition to the mobile phone is going to be the rectenna. A rectenna is a rectifying antenna, a special type of antenna that is used to directly convert microwave energy into DC electricity. Its elements are usually arranged in a mesh pattern, giving it a distinct appearance from most antenna .A simple rectenna can be constructed from a schottky diode placed between antenna dipoles. The diode rectifies the current induced in the antenna by the microwaves. Rectennae are highly efficient at converting microwave energy to electricity. In laboratory environments, efficiencies above 90% have been observed with regularity. Some experimentation has been done with inverse rectennae, converting electricity into microwave energy, but efficiencies are much loweronly in the area of 1%. With the advent of nanotechnology and MEMS the size of these devices can be brought down to molecular level. It has been theorized that similar devices, scaled down to the proportions used in nanotechnology, could be used to convert light into electricity at much greater efficiencies than what is currently possible with solar cells. This type of device is called an optical rectenna. Theoretically, high efficiencies can be maintained as the device shrinks, but experiments funded by the United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory have so far only obtained roughly 1% efficiency while using infrared light. Another important part of our receiver circuitry is a simple sensor. This is simply used to identify when the mobile phone user is talking. As our main objective is to charge the mobile phone with the transmitted microwave after rectifying it by the rectenna, the sensor plays an important role. The whole setup looks something like this. THE PROCESS OF RECTIFICATION Studies on various microwave power rectifier configurations show that a bridge configuration is better than a single diode one. But the dimensions and the cost of that kind of solution do not meet our objective. This study consists in designing and simulating a single diode power rectifier in hybrid technology with improved sensitivity at low power levels. We achieved good matching between simulation results and measurements thanks to the optimisation of the packaging of the Schottky diode. Microwave energy transmitted from space to earth apparently has the potential to provide environmentally clean electric power on a very large scale. The key to improve transmission efficiency is the rectifying circuit. The aim of this study is to make a low cost power rectifier for low and high power levels at a frequency of 2.45 GHz with good efficiency of rectifying operation. The objective also is to increase the detection sensitivity at low levels of power. Different configurations can be used to convert the electromagnetic wave into DC signal, the study done in showed that the use of a bridge is better than a single diode, but the purpose of this study is to achieve a low cost microwave rectifier with single Schottky diode for low and high power levels that has a good performances. This study is divided on two kind of technologies the first is the hybrid technology and the second is the monolithic one. The goal of this investigation is the development of a hybrid microwave recti fier with single Schottky diode. The first study of this circuit is based on the optimization of the rectifier in order to have a good matching of the input impedance at the desired frequency 2.45GHz. Besides, the aim of the second study is the increasing of the detection sensitivity at low levels of power. SENSOR CIRCUITRY The sensor circuitry is a simple circuit, which detects if the mobile phone receives any message signal. This is required, as the phone has to be charged as long as the user is talking. Thus a simple F to V converter would serve our purpose. In India the operating frequency of the mobile phone operators is generally 900MHz or 1800MHz for the GSM system for mobile communication. Thus the usage of simple F to V converters would act as switches to trigger the rectenna circuit to on. A simple yet powerful F to V converter is LM2907. Using LM2907 would greatly serve our purpose. It acts as a switch for triggering the rectenna circuitry. The general block diagram for the LM2907 is given below. Thus on the reception of the signal the sensor circuitry directs the rectenna circuit to ON and the mobile phone begins to charge using the microwave power. CONCLUSION Thus this paper successfully demonstrates a novel method of using the power of the microwave to charge the mobile phones without the use of wired chargers. Thus this method provides great advantage to the mobile phone users to carry their phones anywhere even if the place is devoid of facilities for charging. A novel use of the rectenna and a sensor in a mobile phone could provide a new dimension in the revelation of mobile phone.

The Current Situation at AcuScan Essay -- Business Management Budget C

The Current Situation at AcuScan This memorandum reports on the current situation at AcuScan regarding the short-term budget crisis and development of the iScanner for use in the retail setting. It will summarize the situation, discussing key points in the decision-making process and recommending actions that can be taken to address the problems described. The underlying problem is we have failed to continuously improve market share through the development of new products. The overall 40% market share is declining. The company faces declining revenues because the price of the iScanner has dropped as it becomes a market commodity. AcuScan, despite making tremendous cost-cutting efforts (letting go 500 employees) is still in a short-term budget crisis. To recapture our pos... The Current Situation at AcuScan Essay -- Business Management Budget C The Current Situation at AcuScan This memorandum reports on the current situation at AcuScan regarding the short-term budget crisis and development of the iScanner for use in the retail setting. It will summarize the situation, discussing key points in the decision-making process and recommending actions that can be taken to address the problems described. The underlying problem is we have failed to continuously improve market share through the development of new products. The overall 40% market share is declining. The company faces declining revenues because the price of the iScanner has dropped as it becomes a market commodity. AcuScan, despite making tremendous cost-cutting efforts (letting go 500 employees) is still in a short-term budget crisis. To recapture our pos...

Cannery Row Essay

Cannery Row Cannery Row, is not just a novel written by John Steinbeck, but it is also a very good example of huge variety of different people and human beings that are presented in most of the societies. This story tells us how people are trying to be happy and take the best out of each situation they are in, even in bad situations. The author gives us the view on the Cannery Row from different prospectives like peepholes so we can better understand the whole idea of the novel.While looking from one peephole we can see that Mack and the boys are nice guys even if they steel things from other people. They are just enjoying their lives, they don’t have work because they don’t want, from one side it is very good because most people want to do what they want but not what they should. John Steinbeck is showing to us that if there is a desire people are able to do it. He shows us the Cannery Raw as a small kind of world with its own rules and values of each person living the ir.Mack and the boys are steeling not because they can not find any jobs, but because they just don’t want. They don’t like when anyone is controlling them, they want to be free and do what they like, enjoy their lives. I think that they are doing the right thing, because we are given our lives for enjoing them but not for spending them on the things that you don’t like. Of course it is not always this way but people must have an aim and go for it. We can see it in the novel, most of the

Comparing to the American Dream essays

Comparing to the American Dream essays William Byrd was born in Virginia in 1674. William Byrd received a quality education in England. He returned to Virginia after learning of his father's death. Byrd now had the responsibility of managing his inherited plantation. William Byrd character was constant. In The Secret Diary of William Byrd of Westover, he recorded the highlights of his day. He was an early bird. He wrote that he would wake up no later than seven I the morning. Another observation I read that he loved to eat the same things. For instance, he would eat milk for breakfast and boiled beef for dinner. Byrd would either read Greek or Hebrew. I also noticed that Byrd would pray at the end of each day. It would end just about like this every time, I had good health, good thoughts, and good humor, thanks be to God Almighty. Byrd enjoyed games and company. He always had company in his home. Several times he cousin visited, Mr. Mumford accompanied Byrd as they walked in the garden, shot bows and arrows and play billiard until dinner time. Byrds friends, Drury Stith, Colonel Hill, Mr. Anderson and Mr. Platt also were some of William Byrds guest on the plantation. William Byrd was a plantation owner with a vast amount of slaves. Some of his slaves were sick and some even died on his plantation. A lot of times, Byrd spent most of his time looking after his sick. Different slaves had different jobs to do. Some would unload supplies from Byrds sloop which was a boat, cook the food, clean the chambers, plant trees such as peach trees, put up curtains and fed the animals because he had cattle. Slaves endured cruelty from William Byrd. He whipped some of them and branded one of his slaves because he pretended to be sick when asked to unload his ship. William Byrd recorded some of his sexual transgressions, for instance the Colonel Carters wife daughter and Mrs. Russell, and his wife who would sometimes go to...